TY - JOUR T1 - Primary ciliary dyskinesia: wave ignorance goodbye! JF - Breathe JO - breathe SP - 335 LP - 336 DO - 10.1183/20734735.990113 VL - 9 IS - 5 AU - Andrew Bush AU - Francesca Santamaria AU - Kim Nielsen Y1 - 2013/09/01 UR - http://breathe.ersjournals.com/content/9/5/335.abstract N2 - When Manes Kartagener first described his triad of sinusitis, bronchiectasis and mirror-image arrangement (situs invertus) [1], he could not have imagined that nearly a century later, cilia would be one of the hottest clinical and scientific topics around. The spectrum was first broadened by Bjorn Afzelius' (literally) seminal discovery of absent dynein arms in sperm tails of men with Kartagener's syndrome, leading to recognition that ciliary dysfunction underlay Kartagener's syndrome [3]. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), as the disease is now known, is but one manifestation of ciliary disease, which extends into congenital heart disease, heterotaxic syndromes, cystic renal, hepatic and pancreatic disease, chest wall disease, complex eponymous syndromes and neurological problems, including retinitis pigmentosa [3]. Far from merely waving in the breeze, cilia are pivotal in numerous signalling pathways covering all aspects of development.The … ER -