Either parent smoke [25] | 1.37 [1.15–1.64] | |
Maternal asthma [26] | 3.04 [2.59–3.56] | |
Paternal asthma [26] | 2.44 [2.14–2.79] | |
Atopy [27] | 1.5 to 4.8 | |
Antenatal paracetamol exposure [28] | 1.28 [1.16–41] | |
Dog exposure [29] | 1.14 [1.01–1.29] | 1.39 [1.00, 1.95] for any furry pet |
Cat exposure [29] | 0.72 [0.55–0.93] | |
Breast feeding [19] | 0.70 [0.60–0.81] | Lower in atopic families (OR 0.52) |
Visible mould [30] | 1.49 [1.28–1.72] | Mould derived compounds may reduce risk |
High maternal vitamin D during pregnancy [20] | 0.56 [0.42–0.73] | Wheezing outcomes not asthma |
High maternal vitamin E during pregnancy [20] | 0.68 [0.52–0.88] | Wheezing outcomes not asthma |
Mediterranean diet during pregnancy [20] | 0.22 [0.08–0.58] | Wheezing outcomes not asthma |