Signs of cognitive impairment: several symptoms may imply a cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
| Memory loss that is unusually frequent for the age of the patient |
| Frequent word-finding pauses or substitutions |
| Frequently asking the same question or repeating the same story over and over again |
| Inability to recognise familiar people and places and lack of orientation |
| Trouble in exercising judgment and taking actions |
| Changes in mood or behaviour which are not conscious, isolation or misbehaviour |
| Trouble judging distances and seeing objects properly (not caused by poor eyesight) |
| Problems in completing step-by-step tasks and loss of executive function (planning, organising, reasoning) |