Table 1

Features associated with type 1 and type 2 catathrenia

FeaturesType 1: respiratory disorderType 2: parasomnia
Likened to“Sirens of the night”“Elephant”
Duration of sound s2–491–3
IntensitySoftVery loud
Sleep stageMainly REMNon-REM and REM
Association with sleep disordersCentral apnoea/dysrhythmiaNormal/obstructive hypopnoea
CPAP responseNoYes

Reproduced and modified from [4] with permission from the publisher.