American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleCan facial type be used to predict changes in hyoid bone position with age? A perspective based on longitudinal data
Section snippets
Material and methods
All participants were white men of European descent. Our sample consisted of cephalometric radiographs from 163 healthy participants in the original study (T1) (according to a health questionnaire and clinical and laboratory examinations) with complete dentition or with sufficient posterior teeth to provide for stable vertical stops, and a minimum of 10 years later (T2).
Changes in hyoid bone position were measured from the lateral cephalometric radiographs from the men participating in the
Results
The participants' ages at T1 ranged from 30.6 to 67.0 years with a mean age of 45.9 years (Table I). BMI scores concurrent with the radiograph were 20 to 36 (mean, 25.9). The time interval range was 11.3 to 18.6 years with a mean of 15.2 years.
The means and standard deviations of the T1 hyoid bone measurements and lower anterior facial height (LAFH) for all subjects were for HYS (mean, 125.7 mm; SD, 8.13 mm), HYMP (mean, 20.2 mm, SD, 5.56 mm), HYRGN (mean, 41.29 mm, SD, 6.25 mm), GOHYME (mean,
Discussion
Collapsibility and compliance of the pharynx can be critical issues, especially when the usual supine sleeping position is considered.18, 19 A large tongue, along with a narrow and elongated vertical supralaryngeal vocal tract combined with the loss of epiglottic-soft palate overlap, is believed to underlie language skills.3 These features appear to be advantageous for better phonation, because acoustic variability requires the pharyngeal airway to be a long and compliant conduit. However, the
Conclusions
Hyoid bone positional changes with aging (or elapsed time) depend on the facial forms in men. Our morphometric data suggest that the continued descent of the hyoid bone in men might be associated with breathing functions influenced by facial form. The following are our findings from this study.
- 1
Hyoid position changes appear to continue lifelong and are associated with aging.
- 2
Hyoid position and changes are independent of obesity.
- 3
Hyoid position and changes differ by facial types; thus, facial forms
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2015, Brazilian Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyCitation Excerpt :Assessment of craniofacial morphology is frequently performed in studies with these patients, not only to identify the morphological alterations, but also to identify the site of the obstruction that can aid in selecting the appropriate treatment.13,23 There are several studies in the literature correlating age with the severity of OSAS1–7 and it is known that upper airway morphology alterations occur throughout adulthood,3,5,8,9,24,25 as well as in anthropometric measures,14–16 but most studies do not stratify patients by age groups, and in those that do so, there is no standardization of criteria for this division.3,5,8,26 In the present study, when the full cohort of patients was evaluated together without division by age range, a significant correlation was observed between AHI with age and with NC, in agreement with other studies2,3,5,15,16,27–32; the same significant correlation was noted for WC.2,4,5,15,28–30
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Supported by a grant from the Dean's Seed Grant program of the UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif, to the first author. This investigation was conducted, in part, in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grant Number CO6 RR-14529-01 from the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health.