Resting and exercise physiology in interstitial lung diseases
Section snippets
Resting physiology
Most ILDs share a common pattern of physiologic abnormalities [2], with a restrictive ventilatory defect being typical. This defect is reflected by a downward and rightward shift of the static expiratory pressure–volume curve. The lung recoil is increased over the range of the inspiratory capacity with a reduction of total lung capacity (TLC) and vital capacity [3], [4], [5]. The coefficient of retraction (pleural pressure at TLC/lung volume at TLC) is elevated compared with normal persons [3],
Clinical applications
Measurement of pulmonary physiology by means of PFT, 6-minute walk testing (6MWT), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can be used (1) to aid in diagnosis, (2) to provide clues regarding differential diagnosis, (3) to assess the severity and prognosis, and (4) to determine response to therapeutic interventions in these diseases.
Summary
ILDs are a heterogeneous group of parenchymal pulmonary disorders with varying histologic appearances. PFTs have assumed a prominent role in the diagnosis and management of patients with these disorders. Although their role in the differential diagnosis of the various ILDs is limited, physiologic measurements are pivotal studies providing clues regarding disease severity, prognosis, and response to therapy.
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The Physiology of Interstitial Lung Disease
2021, Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine, Second EditionECG derived ventricular gradient exceeds echocardiography in the early detection of pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma patients
2018, International Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :The right side of the heart attempts to deal with the progressive loss of vascular bed, as a result it hypertrophies [37]. Impaired gas exchange in ILD leads to important desaturation and vital organs such as the heart have a decreased oxygen delivery [38]. It is imaginable that those changes influence the ECG (and VG-RVPO).
Work of breathing in children with diffuse parenchymal lung disease
2015, Respiratory Physiology and NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :Hypoxaemia as defined by a reduced resting arterial oxygen saturation or a reduced resting arterial oxygen tension is often present, while hypercapnia occurs only late in the disease course (Clément et al., 2004). During exercise the above described dysfunctions become even more pronounced (Lama and Martinez, 2004). Recently, the American Thoracic Society proposed an official clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and management of childhood interstitial lung disease in infancy, and recommend infant pulmonary function testing among other evaluations (Kurland et al., 2013).
Effects of High and Moderate-Intensity Interval Training on Pulmonary and Performance Parameters in Miners Suffering From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
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