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ReviewsPrognostic Factors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Decade of Progress
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
We performed a systematic overview of the last decade of literature investigating patient and tumor factors that were predictive of patient survival rates for patients with NSCLC. A MEDLINE database search (January 1990 to December 1999) was carried out combining the MeSH terms prognosis and carcinoma, nonsmall cell lung. At the request of an external reviewer, the eligibility period was extended to June 2001. Indexed articles were reviewed and sorted by the targeted patient cohort (ie,
Results
Overall, 887 articles met the search criteria. These studies identified 169 prognostic factors relating either to the tumor or the host. Figure 1shows the pattern of this indexed research and illustrates that the literature regarding prognostic issues in NSCLC seems to have grown almost exponentially.
The recognized heterogeneity among lung cancer patients has led to the definition of major clinical subgroups that are seen as being clinically dissimilar from one another, and these groups are
Advanced Disease
Tumor, host, and environment factors pertaining to the prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC are listed in Table 2. As shown in the table, factors essential to decision making are the extent of disease, weight loss, and performance status, as these are the most predictive indicators of median patient survival time after undergoing systemic chemotherapy. For patients without substantial systemic manifestations of illness, chemotherapy is known to improve median survival time when compared to
Integration and Clinical Application of Prognostic Factors
In the context of a very large amount of literature reporting putative prognostic factors in lung cancer patients, many authors have highlighted methodological issues in the interpretation and integration of existing studies.69 In this section, we address the integration and clinical application of research knowledge pertaining to prognostic factors by discussing seven main observations and their implications.
First, existing reports of prognostic factors comprise a body of literature that is
Acknowledgment
The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of the three anonymous reviewers, and the excellent research assistance of Ms. Leanne Findlay in updating and collating the database and tables.
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Supported in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada.