Figures
- Figure 1
A vented mask with a clear elbow, grey adapter and integrated exhalation port on the left for single limb circuits. A nonvented mask with a blue elbow for dual limb systems is shown on the right. Masks manufactured by ResMed Ltd. (Abingdon, UK).
- Figure 2
a) Grade III pressure ulcer on the nasal bridge and b) grade II pressure ulcers on the cheeks.
- Figure 3
The two-finger rule: when the headgear is attached it should be possible to pass two fingers beneath it [30].
- Figure 4
Example for skin protection: a self-cut foam (Mölnlycke Health Care, Göteborg, Sweden) dressing on a head model.
- Figure 5
Different self-cut hydrocolloid and gel sheets to be placed between skin and mask. From left to right: Kerra Pro™ (Crawford Healthcare Ltd, Knutsford, UK), Aderma (Smith & Nephew, London, UK) and Gecko™ (ResMed Ltd.)
- Figure 6
Foam and silicone sheets between mask and skin.
Tables
- Table 2 Risk factors for the development of interface-related pressure ulcers in NIV
General risks Sensory impairment Acute illness Chronic illness Hypoxia or very low blood pressure Extremes of age Low level of consciousness Psychological status Vascular disease Malnutrition/dehydration Chronic skin condition History of previous pressure damage Medication (e.g. analgesia, chronic steroid therapy, cytotoxins) Extrinsic factors Closely fitting headgear and over-tightened straps Poorly fitted masks and headgear (i.e. too big or too small, too old or wrong style) Mechanical forces: pressure, shear or friction from the interface Allergy to the cushion Other factors Skin damage: dry, flaky, excoriated, discoloured or macerated skin Oedema Shape and size of nose/face Time period that mask pressure is applied Inability to self-manage the mask
Jump To
- Article
- Abstract
- Interface selection
- Carbon dioxide rebreathing: dead space and ventilator circuits
- Initiation of NIV
- Prevention and management of mask-related side-effects
- Sedation
- Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure
- Feeding tubes, beards and other problems
- Droplet generation and airborne disease
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Footnotes
- References
- Figures & Data
- Info & Metrics