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The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) Network: bringing the world’s respiratory reference values together

Brendan G. Cooper, Janet Stocks, Graham L. Hall, Bruce Culver, Irene Steenbruggen, Kim W. Carter, Bruce Robert Thompson, Brian L. Graham, Martin R. Miller, Gregg Ruppel, John Henderson, Carlos A. Vaz Fragoso, Sanja Stanojevic on behalf of the GLI Network
Breathe 2017 13: e56-e64; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.012717
Brendan G. Cooper
1Lung Function and Sleep, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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  • For correspondence: Brendan.Cooper@uhb.nhs.uk
Janet Stocks
2Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Graham L. Hall
3Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
4School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
5Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Bruce Culver
6Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Irene Steenbruggen
7Pulmonary Laboratory, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Kim W. Carter
3Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
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Bruce Robert Thompson
8Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Brian L. Graham
9Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Martin R. Miller
10Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Gregg Ruppel
11Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
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John Henderson
12School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Carlos A. Vaz Fragoso
13Dept of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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Sanja Stanojevic
14Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
15Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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    Figure 1

    Predicted values for a, b) FEV1, c, d) FVC and e, f) FEV1/FVC by sex and ethnic group. a, c, e) Males and b, d, f) females. Graphs were generated using mean height for age in Caucasians to illustrate proportional differences between ethnic groups of the same height and age; in practice, differences in height for age further affect predicted values. The rise and fall in FEV1/FVC around adolescence is due to differential changes in FEV1 and FVC. Reproduced from [15].

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    a) Predicted TLCO in i) 4859 males and ii) 4851 females), b) alveolar volume (VA) (standard temperature and pressure, dry) in i) 4793 males and ii) 4837 females) and c) carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) in i) 4793 males and ii) 4837 females. The solid line represents the predicted values for age (assuming an average height at each) and the dashed lines represent 95% confidence limits. Prediction equations are overlaid on observed values. The average height used in children was the 50th height-for-age centile from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts [16] whereas in adults, the average height observed in the study population was used (172 cm in males and 162 cm in females). Reproduced from [17].

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Vol 13 Issue 3 Table of Contents
Breathe: 13 (3)
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The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) Network: bringing the world’s respiratory reference values together
Brendan G. Cooper, Janet Stocks, Graham L. Hall, Bruce Culver, Irene Steenbruggen, Kim W. Carter, Bruce Robert Thompson, Brian L. Graham, Martin R. Miller, Gregg Ruppel, John Henderson, Carlos A. Vaz Fragoso, Sanja Stanojevic
Breathe Sep 2017, 13 (3) e56-e64; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.012717

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The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) Network: bringing the world’s respiratory reference values together
Brendan G. Cooper, Janet Stocks, Graham L. Hall, Bruce Culver, Irene Steenbruggen, Kim W. Carter, Bruce Robert Thompson, Brian L. Graham, Martin R. Miller, Gregg Ruppel, John Henderson, Carlos A. Vaz Fragoso, Sanja Stanojevic
Breathe Sep 2017, 13 (3) e56-e64; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.012717
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Abstract
    • The problem
    • The solution
    • Development of the Global Lung Function Initiative Network
    • Impact of the GLI spirometry reference equations
    • Beyond spirometry
    • Beyond predicted values
    • Geriatric considerations
    • Challenges
    • The future of the GLI Network
    • Can Breathe readers help?
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  • Lung structure and function
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