Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Authors/reviewers
    • Instructions for authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Peer reviewer login
  • Journal club
  • Alerts
  • Subscriptions
  • ERS Publications
    • European Respiratory Journal
    • ERJ Open Research
    • European Respiratory Review
    • Breathe
    • ERS Books
    • ERS publications home

User menu

  • Log in
  • Subscribe
  • Contact Us
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
  • ERS Publications
    • European Respiratory Journal
    • ERJ Open Research
    • European Respiratory Review
    • Breathe
    • ERS Books
    • ERS publications home

Login

European Respiratory Society

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Authors/reviewers
    • Instructions for authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Peer reviewer login
  • Journal club
  • Alerts
  • Subscriptions

From research question to dissemination: how to design, analyse and present study results

Salvatore Fasola, Giovanna Cilluffo, Raffaella Nenna, Stefania La Grutta
Breathe 2018 14: 232-234; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.020018
Salvatore Fasola
1National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
2Dept of Economics, Business and Statistical Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Salvatore Fasola
  • For correspondence: salvatore.fasola@ibim.cnr.it
Giovanna Cilluffo
1National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
2Dept of Economics, Business and Statistical Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Giovanna Cilluffo
Raffaella Nenna
3Dept of Paediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Raffaella Nenna
Stefania La Grutta
1National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Stefania La Grutta
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Tables

  • Table 1

    Main sources of bias in clinical studies

    Type of biasDescription
    Selection biasMissing or inadequate randomisation: participant characteristics, including potential confounders, may differ between the experimental arms.
    Performance biasMissing or inadequate blinding of outcome assessor: a physician may be induced to detect improvements in treated individuals.
    Detection biasMissing or inadequate blinding of participants: an individual may be induced to perceive health improvements if they know they are being treated.
    Attrition biasToo many withdrawals, or unbalanced dropout rates among the arms: loss in statistical power, misleading outcome interpretation.
    Reporting biasSelective outcome reporting: in general, authors may be induced to select the findings to report (for example, due to presence of a funding institution).
PreviousNext
Back to top
Vol 14 Issue 3 Table of Contents
Breathe: 14 (3)
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on European Respiratory Society .

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
From research question to dissemination: how to design, analyse and present study results
(Your Name) has sent you a message from European Respiratory Society
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the European Respiratory Society web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Print
Citation Tools
From research question to dissemination: how to design, analyse and present study results
Salvatore Fasola, Giovanna Cilluffo, Raffaella Nenna, Stefania La Grutta
Breathe Sep 2018, 14 (3) 232-234; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.020018

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero

Share
From research question to dissemination: how to design, analyse and present study results
Salvatore Fasola, Giovanna Cilluffo, Raffaella Nenna, Stefania La Grutta
Breathe Sep 2018, 14 (3) 232-234; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.020018
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Technorati logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Connotea logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Full Text (PDF)

Jump To

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Study design
    • Statistical plan
    • Running the study
    • Presentation of results
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Subjects

  • Respiratory clinical practice
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

More in this TOC Section

Expert opinion

  • Lung cancer screening by volume CT
  • In pursuit of the primary
  • A rare complication in a case of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Show more Expert opinion

Doing science

  • How to peer review: practical advice for early career researchers
  • The early career researcher collaboration mindset
  • Contribution of causal factors to disease burden
Show more Doing science

Related Articles

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current issue
  • Archive

About Breathe

  • Journal information
  • Editorial board
  • Press
  • Permissions and reprints
  • Advertising

The European Respiratory Society

  • Society home
  • myERS
  • Privacy policy
  • Accessibility

ERS publications

  • European Respiratory Journal
  • ERJ Open Research
  • European Respiratory Review
  • Breathe
  • ERS books online
  • ERS Bookshop

Help

  • Feedback

For authors

  • Intructions for authors
  • Publication ethics and malpractice
  • Submit a manuscript

For readers

  • Alerts
  • Subjects
  • RSS

Subscriptions

  • Accessing the ERS publications

Contact us

European Respiratory Society
442 Glossop Road
Sheffield S10 2PX
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 114 2672860
Email: journals@ersnet.org

ISSN

Print ISSN: 1810-6838
Online ISSN: 2073-4735

Copyright © 2023 by the European Respiratory Society