Figures
- Figure 1
Chest radiograph of the patient in posteroanterior projection.
- Figure 2
CT of the chest: a) axial section of the lung window; b–d) axial sections of the mediastinal window at different levels of cross-section. The abnormalities are marked with arrows, arrowheads and dashed arrows; the key to which is provided answer 1.
- Figure 3
CT of the chest: a and b) coronal sections of the lung window; c) sagittal section of the lung window. The abnormalities are marked with arrows, arrowheads and dashed arrow, the key to which is provided in answer 1.
- Figure 4
Bronchoscopic images: trachea during a) inspiration and b) expiration; bronchus intermedius during c) inspiration and d) expiration.
- Figure 5
Various subtypes of excessive central airway obstruction: a) normal shape of trachea; b) crescent-type tracheobronchomalacia (TBM); c) sabre sheath-type TBM; d) circumferential TBM; e) excessive dynamic airway collapse.
- Figure 6
a) Flow–volume loop; b) volume–time graphic.
Tables
- Table 1
Spirometry findings of the patient
Parameter Predicted LLN Observed % predicted FVC L 3.79 2.79 1.39 37 FEV1 L 3.01 2.17 1.25 41 FEV1/FVC % 86.14 74.35 89.85 104 PEF L·s−1 7.91 5.92 2.90 37 PIF L·s−1 2.64 MEF L·s−1 3.40 1.69 1.85 54 MEF50 L·s−1 4.17 2.02 2.01 48 FIF50 L·s−1 2.62 Empey's index 6.9 Miller and Hyatt index 0.76 LLN: lower limit of normal; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; PEF: peak expiratory flow; PIF: peak inspiratory flow; MEF: mean mid-expiratory flow from 25 -75% of FVC; MEF50: mid-expiratory flow at 50% of FVC; FIF50: forced inspiratory flow at 50% FVC; Empey's index: FEV1/PEF; Miller and Hyatt index: FEF50/FIF50.
