Body plethysmography Spirometry | [14] | 25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls | No difference |
[57] | 12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls | No difference |
[48] | 30 CD and 18 UC versus 108 controls | MEF50, MEF25 reduced in CD |
[56] | 52 CD and 48 UC versus 50 controls | FEV1, FVC reduced 15 restrictive 19 obstructive |
DLCO | [14] | 25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls | No difference |
[57] | 12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls | No difference |
[48] | 30 CD and 18 UC versus 108 controls | DLCO reduced |
[56] | 52 CD and 48 UC versus 50 controls | DLCO reduced |
Methacholine bronchoprovocation challenge | [14] | 25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls | 12% of IBD patients with BHR |
FENO | [48] | 30 CD and 18 UC versus 108 controls | No difference |
[57] | 12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls | No difference |
[14] | 25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls | FENO higher in UC |
[55] | 30 CD and 30 asthma versus 20 controls | No correlation between FENO and CD activity |
Lung clearance index | [57] | 12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls | No difference |
Exhaled breath condensate | [54] | 22 CD and 25 UC versus 37 controls | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β significantly higher in IBD |
[55] | 30 CD and 30 asthma versus 20 controls | pH lower in IBD and asthma 8-isoprostane differed between groups |