Tables
- TABLE 1
National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus definition for diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and assessing severity in infants
<32 weeks birth GA ≥32 weeks birth GA Time of assessment 36 weeks CGA or discharge (whichever comes first) >28 days but <56 days postnatal age or discharge (whichever comes first) Treatment with oxygen >21% for ≥28 days plus: Mild BPD Room air at 36 weeks CGA or discharge Room air by 56 days postnatal age or discharge Moderate BPD FIO2 <30% at 36 weeks CGA or discharge FIO2 <30% by 56 days postnatal age or discharge Severe BPD FIO2 ≥30% and/or positive pressure ventilation at 36 weeks CGA or discharge FIO2 ≥30% and/or positive pressure ventilation by 56 days postnatal age or discharge Reproduced and modified from [5] with permission. GA: gestational age; CGA: corrected gestational age; FIO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction.
- TABLE 2
Proposed definition for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) diagnosis and severity grading, from Jensen et al. [6]
BPD category Respiratory support requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age No BPD No support Grade 1 BPD Nasal cannula <2 L·min−1 Grade 2 BPD Nasal cannula >2 L·min−1 or noninvasive positive airway pressure Grade 3 BPD Invasive mechanical ventilation - TABLE 3
Antenatal and postnatal associations with development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-pulmonary hypertension [18–20]
Antenatal associations Postnatal associations Small for gestation Sepsis Oligohydramnios Early pulmonary hypertension (at <7 days of age) Maternal diabetes Systemic steroids Ventilation duration High-frequency oscillatory ventilation Tracheostomy Tracheitis Retinopathy of prematurity Length of hospital stay - TABLE 4
Clinical factors associated with death in bronchopulmonary dysplasia-PH patients [23, 24]
Respiratory Cardiovascular Other Postnatal steroids Supra-systemic pulmonary arterial pressure Necrotising enterocolitis Continuous positive airway pressure dependency at 36 weeks CGA PH severity Ventilator dependency at 36 weeks CGA Presence of ASD PH: pulmonary hypertension; CGA: corrected gestational age; ASD: atrial septal defect.