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The impact of poor housing and indoor air quality on respiratory health in children

Karl A. Holden, Alice R. Lee, Daniel B. Hawcutt, Ian P. Sinha
Breathe 2023 19: 230058; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0058-2023
Karl A. Holden
1Lab to Life Child Health Data Centre, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
2Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
5Contributed equally to the preparation of this manuscript and share first authorship
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  • For correspondence: Karl.Holden@liverpool.ac.uk
Alice R. Lee
1Lab to Life Child Health Data Centre, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
2Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
5Contributed equally to the preparation of this manuscript and share first authorship
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Daniel B. Hawcutt
2Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
3NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Ian P. Sinha
2Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
4Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    How poor housing impacts paediatric respiratory health. HDM: house dust mite; PM: particulate matter; VOCs: volatile organic compounds; CO2: carbon dioxide.

Tables

  • Figures
  • TABLE 1

    Sources of indoor particulate matter

    Outdoor particulate matter (industry, traffic, etc.)
    Cooking (gas versus induction, cooker hoods)
    Fireplaces (wood and coal)
    Combustion heating
    Smoking or e-cigarette/vaping devices
    Dust
    Biological matter (mould spores, house dust mites, pet dander, pest droppings)
    Scented candles/incense
    Aerosols (from cleaning, air fresheners, etc.)

    Information from [8].

    • TABLE 2

      Multilevel action to address housing-associated child health

      In healthcare
       Ensure housing and living environment incorporated into all aspects of clinical care
       Specialist clinics designed to address housing issues and how these relate to poorer (respiratory) health outcomes (e.g. Alder Hey Children's Hospital (UK) Clean Air Clinic)
       Research linking health and environmental data, specifically focussed on antenatal and child health
      In the building industry
       Affordable new homes and retrofitting in keeping with gold standards [68]
      At local council and government level
       Better regulation of housing standards and tenants' rights
       Joined health and housing departments
       UNICEF child's rights impact assessments for housing policies [3]

      UNICEF: United Nations Children's Fund.

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      Vol 19 Issue 2 Table of Contents
      Breathe: 19 (2)
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      The impact of poor housing and indoor air quality on respiratory health in children
      Karl A. Holden, Alice R. Lee, Daniel B. Hawcutt, Ian P. Sinha
      Breathe Jun 2023, 19 (2) 230058; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0058-2023

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      The impact of poor housing and indoor air quality on respiratory health in children
      Karl A. Holden, Alice R. Lee, Daniel B. Hawcutt, Ian P. Sinha
      Breathe Jun 2023, 19 (2) 230058; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0058-2023
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      • Article
        • Abstract
        • Tweetable abstract
        • Introduction
        • What do we mean by “poor-quality housing” and how does it contribute to IAQ?
        • How does poor housing and IAP contribute to poor respiratory health in children?
        • Which children are at most risk of poor respiratory health due to poor-quality housing?
        • How can we address respiratory ill health associated with poor-quality housing?
        • Putting it all together
        • Footnotes
        • References
      • Figures & Data
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      • PDF

      Subjects

      • Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease
      • Paediatric pulmonology
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