TY - JOUR T1 - Does high-flow oxygen reduce escalation of care in infants with hypoxaemic bronchiolitis? JF - Breathe JO - Breathe SP - 247 LP - 249 DO - 10.1183/20734735.0192-2019 VL - 15 IS - 3 AU - Rebeca Mozun AU - Eva S.L. Pedersen AU - Cristina Ardura-Garcia Y1 - 2019/09/01 UR - http://breathe.ersjournals.com/content/15/3/247.abstract N2 - Bronchiolitis is an acute, lower respiratory tract disease of viral aetiology that affects infants below 2 years of age [1]. Bronchiolitis is common. One in five children have at least one healthcare visit related to bronchiolitis during infancy and it is a major cause of hospitalisation, accounting for 18% of all hospitalisations in the USA in children younger than 1 year [2]. The diagnosis is clinical and based on viral respiratory infection symptoms and signs such as tachypnoea, wheeze, crackles, rhonchi and respiratory distress [3]. There are no effective medical therapies for bronchiolitis so treatment is based on hydration and respiratory supportive care when necessary [3]. The use of high-flow oxygen through nasal cannula as respiratory support in infants with bronchiolitis has increased in recent years [4]. It provides a high flow of humidified air warmed to body temperature with an adjustable fraction of oxygen, and is usually well tolerated by infants. It may improve oxygenation and breathing effort by producing a positive pressure at the end of the expiration [5]. Franklin et al. [6] examined treatment failure resulting in escalation of care in infants with bronchiolitis and hypoxaemia who were treated in emergency departments or general paediatric wards with either high-flow oxygen or standard therapy with supplemental oxygen through a nasal cannula.Treatment failure leading to escalation of care occurred less often in infants with hypoxaemic bronchiolitis treated with high-flow oxygen than with standard oxygen therapy, but there were no differences in the proportion needing ICU transfer or intubation http://bit.ly/2F3rSi1We thank Chris Ritter (Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland) for his editorial contributions. ER -