Can cause asymptomatic colonisation, infective exacerbations or pneumonia

Occurs anytime but especially in the first year

Colonised patients often treated with maintenance nebulised antibiotics

Associated with increased risk of developing Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Can cause primary infection or re-activation in a previously infected host

Typically occurs in first few months, though the first year carries greatest risk

Higher risk recipients given anti-CMV prophylaxis for 3–6 months after transplant

Associated with increased risk of developing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

Re-activation most common within the first year when immunosuppression at highest levels

Reactivation known to drive development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)

Can cause asymptomatic colonisation, airway infection, invasive or cavitatory disease

Occurs anytime but especially in the first year

Those colonised with Aspergillus pre-transplant require anti-fungal prophylaxis for 6–12 weeks after transplant