| General risks |
| Sensory impairment |
| Acute illness |
| Chronic illness |
| Hypoxia or very low blood pressure |
| Extremes of age |
| Low level of consciousness |
| Psychological status |
| Vascular disease |
| Malnutrition/dehydration |
| Chronic skin condition |
| History of previous pressure damage |
| Medication (e.g. analgesia, chronic steroid therapy, cytotoxins) |
| Extrinsic factors |
| Closely fitting headgear and over-tightened straps |
| Poorly fitted masks and headgear (i.e. too big or too small, too old or wrong style) |
| Mechanical forces: pressure, shear or friction from the interface |
| Allergy to the cushion |
| Other factors |
| Skin damage: dry, flaky, excoriated, discoloured or macerated skin |
| Oedema |
| Shape and size of nose/face |
| Time period that mask pressure is applied |
| Inability to self-manage the mask |