| 1 | Hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to AECOPD |
| 2 | Chest wall deformity/neuromuscular diseases |
| 3 | Obesity hypoventilation syndrome/decompensated obstructive sleep apnoea |
| 4 | Chest trauma |
| 5 | Weaning |
| 6 | Cystic fibrosis/bronchiectasis As a bridge to transplantation# |
| 7 | Palliative care |
#: NIV shold be considered when patients are awaiting lung transplant. This is only for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure; use of NIV in chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is beyond the scope of this article.