Consent signature requirements for pregnant women and children
| For pregnant women | |
| Direct benefit to mother | Mother# |
| Direct benefit to mother and fetus | Mother# |
| Direct benefit to fetus | Mother and father# |
| For children | |
| Direct benefit to individual subjects | One parent or guardian# |
| No direct benefit to individual subjects | Both parents# |
| No direct benefit to the subject or societal (indirect) benefit | Both parents# |
| Medical care related to pregnancy | Parental consent is not needed |
| Medical care related to mental health treatment, or the diagnosis or treatment of infectious, contagious or communicable diseases | Parental consent is not needed |
| Self-sufficient minors | Parental consent is not needed |
| Aged ≥15 years | |
| Living alone | |
| Managing their own financial affairs | |
| Emancipated minors | Parental consent is not needed |
| Married or divorced | |
| On active duty in the US armed forces | |
| By a court | |
| Having the legal right to consent on their own behalf to medical, dental or mental health treatment |
#: consent requirements are the same whether the risk is “no more than minimal” or “more than minimal”.