Inclusion and exclusion criteria for SPACE registry participants
| Inclusion criteria |
| Age 6–17 years |
| Diagnosis confirmed, evaluated and managed at a specialised centre for ≥6 months |
| Symptoms |
| Wheeze heard by trained healthcare professional OR |
| Self-reported wheeze in the past 12 months |
| Spirometry evidence of asthma |
| Bronchial obstruction with bronchodilator reversibility ≥12% OR |
| Bronchial provocation test with ≥10% fall in FEV1 |
| Treatment |
| High-dose inhaled corticosteroids (table 2) for ≥6 months + long-acting β-agonist/leukotriene modifier OR |
| Systemic corticosteroids for ≥25% of the past 12 months |
| Exclusion criteria |
| Symptoms are primarily due to the following conditions, which might mimic asthma |
| Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
| Bronchiolitis obliterans |
| Cystic fibrosis |
| Primary ciliary dyskinesia |
| Significant bronchiectasis (not related to asthma) |
| Severe immunodeficiency/immunosuppression |
| Central airway obstruction, or compression |
| Congenital airway malformation (e.g. vascular ring) |
| Foreign body |
| Tracheobronchomalacia |
| Interstitial lung disease |
| Lobectomy |
| Other pulmonary surgery |
| Carcinoid or other tumour |
| Congenital heart disease |
| Connective tissue disease |
| Neuromuscular diseases |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s.