TableĀ 2

Test measures that it is possible to calculate or estimate by each validation technique

TechniquePPVNPVSensitivitySpecificity
Manual validation of physical recordsCan be calculatedCan be calculatedCan be calculatedCan be calculated
Questionnaires for healthcare practitioners or patientsCan be calculatedCan be calculated
Validation of machine-learning algorithmsCan be calculatedCan be calculatedCan be calculatedCan be calculated
Comparison to an external database (complete overlap)Can be calculatedCan be calculatedCan be calculatedCan be calculated
Comparison of rates in a comparable populationEstimate onlyEstimate only
Internal validation using additional parametersEstimate onlyEstimate only
Internal validation using free text in the databaseEstimate onlyEstimate only
Sensitivity analyses using restrictive algorithms