Main causes of chylothorax
Iatrogenic
Thoracic and cervical surgery
Oesophagus surgery
Retroperitoneal surgery
Cervical vascular catherisation
Thoracic irradiation
Non-iatrogenic
Penetrant and non-penetrant trauma
Increased thoracic pressure (peripartum, heavy cough or vomiting)
Nontraumatic
Lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, multiple myeloma
Lung cancer, oesophagus cancer, mediastinal metastasis of other cancers
Kaposi sarcoma
Sarcoidosis
Amyloidosis
Superior vena cava thrombosis
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Castleman disease
Goiter
Constrictive pericarditis
Yellow-nail syndrome
Chylous ascites
Turner syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
Mediastinitis
Filariasis
Idiopathic