Table 1

A description of some of the most commonly used readability measures with their determining variables and outputs [6–8]

Readability measureDetermining variablesOutput
Flesch reading ease/ageSentence length
Length of words (in syllables)
A score out of 100 (where lower scores indicate more difficult text) and/or reading age
Flesch–Kincaid grade levelSentence length
Length of words (in syllables)
US educational grade, or the number of years of education generally required to understand the text
Gunning fog indexAverage sentence length
Prevalence of words that are more than two syllables
US educational grade, or the number of years of education generally required to understand the text