Table 1

Studies assessing lung function in children with IBD

Lung function technique	Reference	Study population	Finding
Body plethysmography Spirometry	[14]	25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls	No difference
	[57]	12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls	No difference
	[48]	30 CD and 18 UC versus 108 controls	MEF₅₀, MEF₂₅ reduced in CD
	[56]	52 CD and 48 UC versus 50 controls	FEV₁, FVC reduced 15 restrictive 19 obstructive
D_LCO	[14]	25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls	No difference
	[57]	12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls	No difference
	[48]	30 CD and 18 UC versus 108 controls	D_LCO reduced
	[56]	52 CD and 48 UC versus 50 controls	D_LCO reduced
Methacholine bronchoprovocation challenge	[14]	25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls	12% of IBD patients with BHR
F_ENO	[48]	30 CD and 18 UC versus 108 controls	No difference
	[57]	12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls	No difference
	[14]	25 CD and 25 UC versus 39 controls	F_ENO higher in UC
	[55]	30 CD and 30 asthma versus 20 controls	No correlation between F_ENO and CD activity
Lung clearance index	[57]	12 CD and 18 UC versus 32 controls	No difference
Exhaled breath condensate	[54]	22 CD and 25 UC versus 37 controls	IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β significantly higher in IBD
Exhaled breath condensate	[55]	30 CD and 30 asthma versus 20 controls	pH lower in IBD and asthma 8-isoprostane differed between groups

MEF_50/25: maximum expiratory flow at 50/25% of FVC; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; BHR: bronchial hyperresponsiveness; F_ENO: fractional exhaled nitric oxide.