Drug-induced pneumonitis clinical and radiographic features
| Aetiology | Many drugs, most commonly chemotherapy agents (bleomycin, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, thalidomide), immunosuppressive agents (sirolimus), amiodarone, antibiotics (nitrofurantoin, amphotericin B), pembrolizumab |
| Incidence | Overall incidence unknown (varies depending on agent) |
| Sex ratio | Unknown |
| Age predilection | Varies depending on agent (e.g. bleomycin-induced lung injury risk is increased in the elderly) Median age for acute and chronic nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary reactions was 59 and 68 years, respectively |
| Risk factors | Varies depending on agent (e.g. marked increased risk of bleomycin lung injury if cumulative dose exceeds 450 units) |
| Treatment | Cessation of offending agent Corticosteroid therapy is often used, although evidence is lacking |
| Prognosis | Varies widely, from complete clinical recovery and resolution of imaging findings to respiratory failure and death |
| Findings on imaging | CT findings vary among different aetiologies, includes multifocal GGOs with intralobular interstitial thickening, patchy GGO, centrilobular nodules |