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Post-Transplant Events

Utility of early versus late fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of new pulmonary infiltrates following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 45, pages 647–655 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

Pulmonary infiltrates frequently complicate hematopoietic SCT (HSCT). The utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the evaluation of new pulmonary infiltrates, particularly as it relates to optimal timing of the procedure, is unclear. Based on this, we retrospectively reviewed 501 consecutive, adult, nonintubated patients who underwent 598 BALs for evaluation of new pulmonary infiltrates during the first 100 days following HSCT to determine whether diagnostic yields for infection, subsequent antimicrobial treatment modifications and patient outcomes differed following early vs late referrals for the procedure. The overall yield of BAL for clinically significant pathogens was 55%. Notably, the yield was 2.5-fold higher among FOBs performed within the first 4 days of presentation (early FOB) compared to those performed late, and highest (75%) when performed within 24 h of clinical presentation. Rates of FOB-guided adjustments in antimicrobial therapy (51%) did not differ significantly between early and late examinations. However, late FOB-related antibiotic adjustments were associated with 30-day pulmonary-associated deaths that were threefold higher (6 vs 18%, P=0.0351). Major FOB-related complications occurred in only three (0.6%) patients. We conclude that early referral for FOB in this patient setting is associated with higher diagnostic yields and may favorably impact survival.

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Acknowledgements

DPK has received research support and honoraria from Schering-Plough, Pfizer, Astellas Pharma Inc., Enzon Pharmaceuticals and Merck and Co. Inc. The study did not receive any financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    V R Shannon

  2. Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    B S Andersson & R E Champlin

  3. Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    X Lei

  4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    D P Kontoyiannis

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  1. V R Shannon
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  2. B S Andersson
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Correspondence to V R Shannon.

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Shannon, V., Andersson, B., Lei, X. et al. Utility of early versus late fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of new pulmonary infiltrates following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 45, 647–655 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2009.203

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