This article reviews the most common pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and their radiologic presentations. An approach emphasizing the common complications that occur in relation to the immunosuppression recovery timeline is presented. An update on newer techniques of marrow transplantation and preparatory regimen drugs will be discussed. These newer techniques may have an effect on the radiologic appearance of some BMT complications. The diagnostic approach, management, and some evolving therapies of BMT patients with pulmonary complications will also be discussed.